Overview of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry Essay

Review of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry - Essay Example ges, for example, administrative issues, social concerns, serious issues, and/or segment and geographic issues related with dealing with a café activity in the State of Maryland. The Maryland government has stricter legitimate approaches on food quality control and staffing. The Food Quality Assurance program actualized by the administration presents genuine dangers to the effective activity of eatery in Maryland. Likewise, Maryland controllers have encircled oppressive work laws that would quite diminish the gainfulness of café tasks in the State. So as to address the administrative issues better, it is fitting for the association to turn into an individual from the Restaurant Association of Maryland (RAM), which is focused on controlling its individuals in overseeing claims and other administrative concerns adequately. Today’s individuals are progressively worried about social issues like ecological contamination, an Earth-wide temperature boost, environmental change, and unexpected frailty. It is apparent that eatery tasks contribute considerably to ozone depleting substance emanations, which is a significant issue adding to ozone layer exhaustion in this way a worldwide temperature alteration and environmental change. Since present day shoppers are extremely mindful of the noteworthiness of ecological maintainability, they would not bolster a café business that doesn't concentrate on natural security. What's more, today purchasers are significantly intrigued to know how organizations execute their corporate social duties. The association can address this test successfully by turning into a socially mindful corporate resident. Thinking about the developing extent of friendliness and the travel industry, numerous new market players have begun café tasks, and this circumstance thus adds to the level of serious competition. The association can effectively deal with the issue of serious market rivalry by underscoring especially on development and effe ctiveness. At long last segment and geographic issues additionally raise some potential

Non Commissioned Officers in the Army

With the assault on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the United States wound up in another significant war. Assembly enormously expanded the quantities of Army non-appointed officials. Incidentally, preparation, joined with different components, made a stunning development in the level of non-charged officials to add up to powers. The extent of non-charged officials in the Army expanded from 20 percent of the enrolled positions in 1941, to about 50 percent in 1945, bringing about decreased esteem for some non-appointed official positions. Combined with this development in numbers, the eight-man infantry crew expanded to twelve, with the sergeant at that point staff sergeant, supplanting the corporal as its pioneer. The position of corporal came to mean practically nothing, despite the fact that he was in principle and by custom a battle chief. Fundamental preparing in World War II concentrated on hands-on understanding rather than the study hall. NCOs directed all preparation for warriors. After fundamental preparing, a fighter went to his unit where his individual preparing proceeded. The serious issue was that the fast extension of the Army had prompted a proportionate reduction in experienced men in the non-dispatched official positions. Exacerbating this condition was the act of rapidly progressing in rank warriors who demonstrated potential while battle misfortunes diminished the quantity of experienced NCOs. Battling in the Pacific and Europe required enormous quantities of men. A huge number of men enrolled and America drafted millions more. Still the Army experienced labor deficiencies. In 1942 the Army officially added ladies to its positions. By 1945 more than 90,000 ladies had enrolled in the Army. Ladies served in managerial, specialized, engine vehicle, food, gracefully, and correspondences, mechanical and electrical Positions during the war. http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/army_board_study_guide_topics/nco_history/history-of-the-nco-from-f.shtml World war II set more expectations for non appointed officials corp. what's more, had a more prominent effect upon the NCOs job and status than any past clash in American history. Before the finish of the war, there were 23,328 infantry crews in 288 dynamic infantry regiments. In excess of seventy separate forces, including defensively covered infantry and officers, raised the all out number of such crews to more than 25,000, all requiring non-appointed pioneers. Drafted, prepared, and advanced during the furious long stretches of 1942 and 1943, these resident fighters conveyed our their obligations as non authorized officials wonderfully, in endless commitment on each front during WWII, however particularly those where little unit initiative was at a higher cost than normal, for example, wilderness fighting of new guinea in the pacific and the Hurtgeen woodland fight in Europe. There were numerous Heroes of WWII and you could pick any of them yet here we have the principal mystery saint America had in World War II. WASHINGTON (Army News Service, March 29, 2005) †Fifty years prior an Army Reserve non-appointed official played out a demonstration of courage that prompted him turning into America's first mystery legend. Keeping an eye on a ridge position close Taejon-ni, Korea, Cpl. Hiroshi Miyamura, in the past of the Enlisted Reserve Corps, was far from his home in Gallup, N.M. the evening of April 24, 1951. A significant Chinese Communist hostile had been propelled against the United Nations line. Miyamura, an assault rifle crew pioneer in Company H, seventh Infantry Regiment, third Division, was 25/5/07 Requested by his detachment sergeant to take 15 men †heavy weapons specialists, shooters and ammunition transporters †to a slope south of the Imjin River and hold the situation against the Advancing Chinese Communists to the extent that this would be possible. He did precisely that for the duration of the night, Miyamura coordinated the substantial and light assault rifles of his crew as they held off rehashed assaults by the Chinese. The battle was savage. Miyamura continued hollering at his heavy weapons specialists to utilize short blasts. He participate with programmed fire from his carbine and tossed projectiles at the adversary, whose assaults were joined by trumpets, whistles, flares, and supporting mortar blasts. At one basic point, he accused the foe of his bayoneted carbine and executed ten of them in close-in-battle, separating the assault. At last, it was the ideal opportunity for those Americans still alive to fall back. Miyamura slid into the substantial assault rifle position and told the unwounded individuals from the team and two sharpshooters to help the harmed warriors away; he would cover them. They moved out and Miyamura was distant from everyone else, pausing. At that point the trumpets and whistles sounded once more. The Chinese were coming up the slope once more. Miyamura shot his automatic weapon until it came up short on ammo. He at that point tossed explosives towards the propelling Chinese. With his last projectile, he demolished the assault rifle and took off for a close by channel, where he actually ran into a Chinese warrior. Regardless of the unexpected experience, he shot the Chinese and injured him. The Chinese got off an explosive, which Miyamura kicked away. It detonated, executing its hurler and injuring Miyamura in the leg. As aggressors poured up the slope, Miyamura attempted to escape however unearthed American spiked metal in obscurity, causing him further injury. Liberating himself, Miyamura dropped into a gap playing dead while the Chinese amassed over the region. One Chinese fighter was not tricked and he pointed a gun at the youthful corporal, advising him to get up. After four days, a team from Chinese around Miyamura's automatic rifle position. There was no Trace the third Division recovered the slope. There were in excess of 50 dead of Miyamura among the dead G.I.s of his segment. The man who so wildly guarded that slope joined the Army during World War II and turned out to be a piece of one of the most well known units in American military history, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This unit, made completely out of Americans of Japanese Ancestry, aside from some white officials, was †for its size and length of administration †the most embellished unit in the Army. Alongside the connected 100th Infantry Battalion, its individuals earned in excess of 18,000 individual beautifications, to incorporate one wartime Medal of Honor, 52 Distinguished Service Crosses, 588 Silver Stars, 5,200 Bronze Stars and in excess of 9,480 Purple Hearts. We can't obviously overlook Ira Hayes the saint, On February 19, 1945, Hayes partook in the arrival on Iwo Jima. He at that point partook in the fight for the island and was among the gathering of Marines that took Mount Suribachi four days after the fact, on February 23, 1945. The raising of the subsequent American banner on Suribachi by five Marines, Ira Hayes, Rene Gagnon, Harlon Block, Franklin Sousley, and Mike Strank, and a Navy Corpsman, John Bradley, was deified by picture taker Joe Rosenthal and turned into a symbol of the war. Overnight, Hayes (on the most distant left of the photo) turned into a national legend, alongside the two different overcomers of the renowned photo, Rene Gagnon and John Bradley. Hayes' story drew specific consideration since he was Native American. Hayes was elevated to the position of corporal before being released from the Marine Corps. His enrichments and decorations incorporate the accompanying: Tribute award with â€Å"V† battle gadget, Presidential Unit Citation with one star (for Iwo Jima), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four stars (for Vella Lavella, Bougainville, Solidification of the Northern Solomons, and Iwo Jima) and the World War II Victory Medal This at that point is the Heroes, presently we will view the weapons. The absolute partnered powers in the Second World War were, Tanks 210,950 added to this immense number of battling machines we had the assistance of Merchant Shipping, which totalled 44,431,300, and obviously the Warships of which there was a fabulous aggregate of 10,853,200 in the united powers. Obviously you additionally need to specify the warplanes that numbered 582,500. However, the greatest weapon that we utilized is as yet not perceived as such is the dynamite measure of labor that was required, 109,705,100 men battled in the war and they over the weapons should be referenced, yes the weapons helped yet it is the sheer violence of the people that battled so fearlessly that got every one of us through. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/weapons_and_manpower.htm Part of the ideology of NCOs is as per the following and mentions to us what his obligations are. Capability is my watchword; my two fundamental duties will consistently be highest in my brain. Achievement of my strategic, the government assistance of my warriors. I will endeavor to remain strategically and in fact capable, all troopers are qualified for exceptional administration and I will give that initiative, I know my warriors and I will consistently put their necessities over my own. I will discuss reliably with my troopers and never leave them ignorant. I will be reasonable and unprejudiced while suggesting both prize and discipline. Officials of my unit will have sufficient time to satisfy their obligations. They won't need to achieve mine. I will gain their regard and certainty just as that of my fighters. I will be faithful to those I serve, seniors, friends, and subordinates the same. I will practice activity, by making fitting move without orders. I won't bargain my respectability. Nor my ethical mental fortitude, I won't overlook nor will I permit my friends to overlook that we are experts. Non-charged officials, and pioneers. http://ncohistory.com/records/Origins.pdf Since forever, preparing noncommissioned officials of the United States Army had been cultivated utilizing hands on preparing (OJT) in the unit, and many accepted that is the place it should remain. Preparing noncommissioned officials was led by officials in the regiment and was the ordering officer’s duty. It was acknowledged that unit preparing was the best methods for creating noncommissioned officials and potential noncommissioned officials. In most early works the NCO was respected with the Enrolled man and as such got little intrigue. They should show the trooper

Reflective Writing A Complete Guide

Reflective Writing A Complete Guide If it is the first time that you’ve faced reflective writing, then it’s obvious why you came here for some advice. Reflective writing can be tricky and complicated, especially because not every student understands why they need to complete such a task and how to do it properly. So, let’s find out. What Is It? Reflective writing is a process of analyzing, evaluating, and reflecting on various experiences. It is commonly assigned in order to teach students how to get to the core of the problem or question, improve critical thinking, and analyze your assumptions, beliefs, and values.   There are many forms that reflective writing can be performed in, particularly: Blog Journal Diary (essay diary and learning diary) Note Review Self-assessment Each of these forms may become an assignment for a student. For example, many literature and writing programs involve writing a blog or review. It might be a warm-up exercise or a way to learn creative writing. The main specific of the process of reflecting writing is its structure. When writing reflectively, it’s crucial to avoid falling into details of what happened and where and instead concentrate on your reflection and reaction. However, it’s also wrong to pour your thoughts out uncontrollably. You should show not only your writing skills but your ability to analyze and put the information together, summarizing your experience. So, a piece of reflective writing has a skeleton â€" the main line of the piece, which is supported with evidence and has some sort of direction that it is elaborated in. So, how can you create a piece of reflective writing if assigned and avoid making common mistakes? Here are a few tips from us.   Focus on the Key Elements When working on a piece of reflective writing, it’s important to understand its key features.   So, what are the main components of reflective writing? No matter what form you have chosen or were assigned, your work will consist of the following elements: The event, experience, or phenomenon that you’re reflecting on with the description of what has happened and how. The analysis of the event and your reflection â€" how it made you feel, what the reasons were behind your reaction, etc. The outcomes â€" what the lesson was and what you should do if this event occurs again. So, you can see that the structure of the piece of reflective writing is pretty much similar to the structure of an ordinary essay with the introduction, main body, and conclusion. The same structure is kept when you are reflecting on your learning. If you need some advice on writing other types of essays, for example, an exemplification essay, read our other blog posts. Start with an Outline Before you start working on your piece, start with a quick outline. A good and thoughtful outline will save you time and will ease the process of elaborating your opinion through the piece.   When you work on your outline, break the piece of paper into three parts that represent the components of your piece. Put the key points into these three sections while you are thinking of what you are going to write about. For example, what the event was, what you have learned, what went wrong/well, what the impact on you was, etc. Just a few words will be enough to guide you through your writing and help you not miss anything. The Three Core Features Pay attention to the key features of reflective writing: It should provide a description (what, where, when) It should provide your expression (I think, I feel, I believe) It should provide analysis and explanation (why, how) The three features above are extremely important for a piece of reflective writing. They are the core principles that you should follow, and each of them should be present in your work, providing your opinion and thoughts. These are also the principles that you use when writing a critical response essay. Answer the Questions Reflective writing has steps or stages that you should follow in the process. When writing a piece like that, it’s essential to cover the particular points and answer the questions that help build a reflective analysis. Here are some of the most common questions that you should answer in your piece: Revisiting the event or experience: What was your experience? What was significant about it? What details can you give? What was your role? Examining your reaction and attitude: What was your reaction? What were you thinking about? Why did you react the way you did? Did you notice anything significant, unusual, disturbing? Expressing and suggesting: What lesson have you learned? What suggestions can you give? What changes do you expect? If you are reflecting on your learning experience, you can also use the same structure and answer the same questions focusing on the perception of the course and its content. It’s a great way to get a better understanding of what you are learning and even clarify the connections between various pieces of knowledge. Final Thoughts Reflective writing can be hard in terms of expressing your thoughts and analyzing them from the perspective of a particular topic. However, once you get an understanding of what your task is, create a quick outline, and write down some key points, you will see that writing the rest of your work is not that hard. However, if you face troubles with this or any other type of assignment, you can always count on our team of experts who can help you structure and express your thoughts. Just let us know if you need our help!

Causes of World War 1 - 3716 Words

The alliance situation in central Europe in 1914 Serbia expanded its territory at the expense of the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria[4] under the terms of the Treaty of Bucharest. Regarding the expansion of Serbia as an unacceptable increase in the power of an unfriendly state and in order to weaken Serbia, the Austrian government threatened war in the autumn of 1912 if Serbs were to acquire a port from the Turks.[4] Austria appealed for German support, only to be rebuffed at first.[4] In November 1912 Russia, humiliated by its inability to support Serbia during the Bosnian crisis of 1908 or the First Balkan War, announced a major reconstruction of its military. On November 28, in partial reaction to the Russian move, German Foreign†¦show more content†¦The prospects of the future oppressed him heavily. In two or three years Russia would have completed her armaments. The military superiority of our enemies would then be so great that he did not know how he could overcome them. Today we would still be a match for them. In his opinion there was no alternative to making preventive war in order to defeat the enemy while we still had a chance of victory. The Chief of the General Staff therefore proposed that I should conduct a policy with the aim of provoking a war in the near future.† [6] The new French President Raymond Poincarà ©, who took office in 1913, was favourable to improving relations with Germany.[7] In January 1914 Poincarà © became the first French President to dine at the German Embassy in Paris.[7] Poincarà © was more interested in the idea of French expansion in the Middle East than a war of revenge to regain Alsace-Lorraine. Had the Reich been interested in improved relations with France before August 1914, the opportunity was available, but the leadership of the Reich lacked such interests, and preferred a policy of war to destroy France. Because of France’s smaller economy and population, by 1913 French leadersShow MoreRelatedThe Causes of World War 1 Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War 1 (better known as The Great War), was caused by a great many elements, some long-term, some short-term and the spark. Together these reasons created a brutal war involving many countries across the globe and also killing a vast number of the worldâ₠¬â„¢s population. In this essay, I will thoroughly explain what started this war and which reasons made it start sooner. What in my opinion was the least important reason, for the war starting was how much richer all the countries were gettingRead MoreEssay on Causes of World War 1725 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of World War 1 World War 1, also known as â€Å"The Great War† occurred due to many causes. It was the result of aggression towards other countries. Rising nationalism of European nations, economic and imperial completion, and fear of the war prompted alliances and increase of armed forces. This created tension contributing to the outbreak of war. But it was assassination in Sarajevo that triggered World War 1. In the 19th Century, people of the same nationality united under one borderRead MorePolitical Causes of World War 12916 Words   |  12 PagesThe political causes of World War 2 World War 2, famously known as the most devastating war, had causes dating back to WWI as well as,pre . Some people refereed it because of the Treaty of Versailles which most of the people agreed one that it was too unfair for Germany and that their anger was going to appear sooner or later. The people thought it will create fascism. Some historians saw that the failure of The League of Nations was also another factor. The Treaty of Versailles was theRead MorePolitical Causes of World War 12907 Words   |  12 PagesThe political causes of World War 2 World War 2, famously known as the most devastating war, had causes dating back to WWI as well as,pre . Some people refereed it because of the Treaty of Versailles which most of the people agreed one that it was too unfair for Germany and that their anger was going to appear sooner or later. The people thought it will create fascism. Some historians saw that the failure of The League of Nations was also another factor. The Treaty of Versailles wasRead MoreCause and Effect on World War 1 Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesCause and Effect on World War 1 World War One, a huge conflict that sparked in 1914 and lasting all the way until 1918. The war was between the world’s greatest powers as two opposing sides; the Central Powers and the Allies. It was a chain of events that had started this was which consist of key features such as imperialism, alliances, growth of militarism, crisis, and nationalism. It was the result of these accumulating factors that had eventually evoked war. The effects on World War OneRead MoreThe Main Causes of World War 1 Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesGreat War, also known as The First World War, lasted for four year (1914 to 1918). It brought a huge development of war technics and weapons. More number of countries had been involved in the Great War than any previous war. It involved the mobilization of the whole nations, not just an enormous army that turned the war into a â€Å"total war†. (Clare 6) However, historians are still arguing about the major cause of the World War I. The major cause will be one of the four long-term causes of WWI, whichRead MoreCritical Assessment of 3 Causes of World War 11361 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Assessment of 3 Causes of World War 1 Nationalism is being a strong supporter of the rights and interests of one’s country. It was very high in the 19th century and nations which had not obtained independence by 1900 were determined to do so as it gave groups of subject peoples the idea of forming independent nations of their own. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna took place. This was a conference held in Vienna in Austria between ambassadors from the majorRead MoreWhat was the most important cause of world war 11229 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿What was the most important cause of World War 1 On Sunday 28th June, 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, part of a Serbian Terrorist Group, called the Black Hand at Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovnia. This event and the tension between Europe was a trigger that set off declarations of war and resulted in World War 1. Tensions had been building up in Europe for decades through Nationalism,Read MoreWorld War I Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;World War I was the result of leaders aggression towards other countries which was supported by the rising nationalism of the European nations. Economic and imperial competition and fear of war prompted military alliances and an arms race, which further escalated the tension contributing to the outbreak of war. One cause of the World War was militarism, which is a policy in which military preparedness is of primary significance to a situation. Another cause of the World War was nationalismRead MoreCauses of First World War Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The First World War started in 1914 and lasted for four years to end in 1918 when Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empires were defeated (Havers 7). There have been a number of causes identified to have led to the war but most of them are not as straightforward as many would think. In essence, the root causes of the war are deeper than most abstract reasons many authors have identified in the past. However, this does not mean that there was no trail of events which directly

Women s Views On Women - 1373 Words

People in Afghanistan tend to think women should not have a voice. Women’s opinions are not considered to be important which is not right. I believe that women’s opinions should be heard. Women s rights have been exploited by different groups for political gain and sometimes for the so called ‘well being’ of the country in the last fifty years. Afghanistan has been stuck in a state of war for over three decades now. The different types of groups that have been coming into the country to fight have made a huge impact on the people of Afghanistan. This essay will state the type of struggles the Afghan women are facing on a daily base and are in fact enduring the pain silently. I believe that women should be treated more equally in education, society and workplace. Women are not treated the same as men in Afghanistan. The people in Afghanistan tend to believe that equality should not be given to women because women are only born to serve men and fulfil their wishes and commands. The disturbing fact is that not only men think this way but most women have the same thoughts too. Afghanistan is one of the most challenging places for women to live. Their lifestyle is enormously different from a female’s lifestyle in Great Britain. Beginning from the time they are born to the end of their lifetime, they are facing troubles on a daily basis. Girls are usually married off at a very young age because parents cannot afford to keep them. Once they are married they become youngShow MoreRelatedWomen s Views On Women1096 Words   |  5 PagesWomen are often thought unequal to men. Many stereotypes have become common place in popular culture placing women to be the weaker and less competent gender. Many males even to this day think of women in the l owest forms. A couple popular memes going around pop culture today are about how women can’t drive and should never leave the kitchen. These ideals are very unjust and extremely sexist. These ideals and misguided concepts can be tracked all the way back to the beginning of time. FemalesRead MoreWomen s Views On Abortion And The Women800 Words   |  4 Pagesrepublican presidential frontrunner Donald Trump, when asked about his views on abortion and the women who get them. It’s interesting how the only person Mr. Trump would punish is women; not the man who helped her get pregnant or the doctor who performed the abortion. Amongst the many attacks women face from politicians, religious groups, and pro-life organizations, statements like these mirrors America’s deeply entrenched patriarchal views about women’s role in our society, especially when it comes toRead MoreWomen s Views On The Church Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the most debated issues in the church is whether women can be pastors or elders in the church. The egalitarian view is one in which women can lead, teach, preach, and be pastors of the local church. There is also no r oles defined in the family for husband and wife according to this view. The wife can be the head of the home and is equal or superior to her husband. Aida Besancon Spencer, a minister in the Presbyterian Church writes, â€Å"God created woman to be ‘in front of’ or ‘visible’ to AdamRead MoreWomen s View Of A Patriarchal World1279 Words   |  6 PagesWith a medieval Europe’s view of a patriarchal world, the idea of women as an inferiority to men was inevitable. However, the idea of women being â€Å"the wicked of all wickedness† (Kramer) elevated such view into what we know as misogyny. The medieval witch trials exemplifies the product of gender specific hatred outweighing the initial view of religious cleansing and stability. Thus, one argues that while both men and women were accused of being witches, the driving force behind such hysterical eventRead MoreThe Religious Views Of Women s Right1019 Words   |  5 Pagescivilization. Religion, as one of the most significant products of human civilization, is extraordinary influential in guiding people’s beliefs and thoughts. Therefore, different religious views of women’s rights play big roles in building people’s conceptions. Among the religions, Islam, as a religion with over half a billion women believers and a religion dominant in approximately 45 countries, seems to be the most controversial religion upon this topic. A lot of scholars, both advocates and opponents towardsRead MoreMaria Mitchell s Views On Women1143 Words   |  5 PagesMaria strongly supported female education. Maria believed that men and women are equal, and should be treated that way. Maria Mitchell grew up in a Quaker family, and they b elieve in education for both genders. So, Maria’s parents also strongly supported equal education. Maria’s father worked at a school, and then founded his own school. Maria Mitchell wanted to prove to women that their gender doesn’t stop them. She never used the excuse that she was a woman, and never assumed that she was not capableRead MoreHow Did The Women s Suffrage Movement Change Societies View On Women?3180 Words   |  13 PagesNovember 2014 How Did the Women’s Suffrage Movement Change Societies View on Women? Introduction Societies view on women has changed drastically over the past few centuries. During the eighteenth century, women were looked down upon and were treated poorly and unfairly. They had far less rights than men did at the time. They could not vote, could not receive formal schooling and could not hold any political positions. Women were seen as pathetic humans who could not work laborious jobs and wereRead MoreDeborah Tannen s View Of Men And Women967 Words   |  4 Pages Compromise Is the Key In the essay â€Å"Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?† by Deborah Tannen, she is comparing the way men and women listen, communicate, and get along together. Tannen states that â€Å"successful cross-cultural communication should begin at home (118).†Instead of women fighting over giving up their lives, or having to uproot their living arrangements for their husband’s job, or having to deal with the daily life of cleaning, cookingRead MoreAlice Paul s Views On Women s Suffrage1354 Words   |  6 Pagesto England to gain knowledge in the social work field. Though, through her visit in England, Paul encountered the Pankhurst women. These women were some of the most confrontational suffragists in England, who not only directed, but also recommended noticeable actions, such as protest, window breaking, and throwing rocks to raise awareness about the suffrage problem. These women had a significant influence on Paul and they inspired her to the degree that she ultimately joined their effort. In additionRead MoreIn The Victorian Era, Society’S Views Of Men And Women2079 Words   |  9 PagesIn the Victorian Era, society’s views of men and women and their roles in the world were beginning to dramatically change, and not all were content with these changes. The novel Dracula, by Bram Stoker, represents the mindset that those who felt threatened by these changes had. Mina and the men of the vampire slaying group act in the traditional manner associated with their gender and represent the ideal way Stoker believed the sexes should behave meanwhile, Dracula and the female vampires are used

Being A Foster Parent - 1610 Words

When first writing my initial reflection paper, I had a very hard time coming up with someone or something to talk about. I did not feel that I could talk about a celebrity or someone historically famous because what you typically know about them is what and how the media portrays them to be. I cannot argue that they are morally good because I cannot tell you about all of their actions, the intentions of their actions, or really what their action was. All I could argue is what the media says they did, which I do not find to be fair. I settled on an act, the act of being a foster parent. Like all acts, I think that you have to look at it from a whole perspective. I think it is first important to define what being morally good is to me.†¦show more content†¦In the end, they did essentially adopt him, but it started out as a foster situation. My grandparents completely changed his life, and I do not think that he would be where he is today if it was not for them. Today, he is very successful and he and his wife ended up adopting two children themselves. Jim, and his family, is still a very large part of my whole family’s lives. Jim and his family live down in San Diego, but they come up to visit at least once a year. We also have all gone down to visit them a few times. They are all very much a part of our family. My grandparents had such a large and positive impact on his life, and made it so that he, in turn, could have a positive impact on two other children’s lives. When looking on how the philosophers would view this act, I feel that it would be a very mixed conclusion. I think that overall, Aristotle and Immanual Kant would both agree that being a foster parent is a morally good act for one to become. However, I feel that Jean-Paul Sartre would overall disagree on whether or not being a foster parent is a morally good act. Jeremy Bentham and C.S. Lewis were both very difficult for me to come to any real conclusion with. I think that with both of them, one can argue in either direction on if they would consider being a foster parent to be a morally good act or not. For this reason, I will not be discussing them in this paper. I think that

Corp Journal of Corporate Law Spring

Question: 1. Critical examination of the main aspects of the concept of corporate veil. 2. Lifting the corporate veil under common law. Answer: Critically examine the concept of corporate veil Under the company law a company is generally considered as a juristic person. The result is that it has the same rights and the duties and can also own real property, enter into contracts in its own name and the company also has the capacity to sue and be sued using its own name. The result is that a company is considered as a juristic individual and mostly, it is considered as a natural person. At the same time, a major factor that motivates the registration of a company is the benefit of limited liability provided to the stockholders. As a result of this doctrine, the shareholders of the company are liable only to the amount of their shares. However, a significant exception is present to the doctrine of limited liability. Therefore, under some circumstances, the court may decide to pierce the veil for the purpose of looking through the corporation (Robert, 1991). This act of the court is known as piercing the veil. In such a case, the court can treat the shareholders personally acc ountable for the obligations that may otherwise be imposed only against the company. The principle of lifting the veil is invoked in cases where the distinction between the corporation and its shareholders has been blurred. At this point, it has to be mentioned that although a company enjoys a legal identity, that is separate from its members however the company can act only with the help of human agents. The result is that to main methods at present through which a company can be held liable. These are the direct liability (in cases of direct infringement) and through secondary liability (related with the acts of human agents acting course of employment). In this way, after a company has been registered, it starts to enjoy a legal personality and is considered as a juristic entity. The company enjoys an identity of its own and it is separate from the owners, shareholders of the members of the company (Farrar, 1990). As mentioned above, certain rights are provided to the company in such a case. Similarly the most significant consequence of the incorporation of a company is the advantage of limited liability offered to its shareholders. Limited liability has been introduced with a view to provide a minimum insurance to the investors regarding the investments made by them in the business and their personal lives. The effect of this doctrine is that the member of the company is liable only to the extent of the amount paid by the member for the shares owned by such a member in the company. On the other hand, the creditors having claimed that is the company can only recover their dues from the assets of the company and generally they are no t allowed to sue the personal assets belonging to the members of the company (Ford, Austin and Ramsay, 1999). As a result of this doctrine, a significant advantage was enjoyed by the investors as a cap has been imposed on the risk faced by them. Under these circumstances, it is clear that the companies exist, at least partly, for the purpose of protecting the shareholders from any personal liability regarding the liabilities of the corporation. The notion of limited liability emerged in England during the 17th century because before this doctrine, individuals were afraid of investing in a company because all the partners are considered as being equally responsible for the liabilities of the business. On the other hand, as a lot of capital was required for the purpose of financing large projects, and as a result much more money was required to be raised, the investors were not coming forward to finance owing to the risk that was involved in standing guarantee for the whole debt of the corporation. In Salomon v Salomon Co, the court affirmed the legal principle according to which, after its incorporation, a corporation is generally known as a separate entity. The rule provided by the court in this case is still relevant today and is applied by the courts. It was firmly established as a result of this decision that a company can act in its own right and name. Similarly in another case (Gas Lighting Improvement Co Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners, 1923), the court stated that between an investor, and the undertaking carried on, the company is interposed by the law as a real, although artificial person. Therefore the business that is carried on in such a case is the business of the corporation and similarly the capital used in the undertaking is the capital of the company and it cannot be considered as the capital of the shareholders, provided the company has been duly incorporated and it is not sham. Another legal notion established by this case was that under the common law, the shareholders can be considered as liable for the debts of the corporation, beyond the amount invested by them in the shares of the company (Ian and Noakes, 2005). Similarly, they do not have any proprietary rights over the property owned by the company. In this regard, it has been mentioned in The King v Portus (1949), for example that while deciding if the employees of the corporation that was controlled by the Federal Govern ment can be considered to be employed by the Federal Government itself, it has to be kept in mind that a company is detached from the stockholders. The stockholders can be responsible for the creditors of the corporation regarding their debts. Similarly, the property of the company is not owned by its shareholders. But sometimes, the court may decide to lift the corporate veil. This act is totally opposite to the concept of limited liability. Although, the idea of limited liability has several merits, it may sometimes results in the problem of over inclusion that maybe disadvantageous for the creditors. Therefore, it has been claimed that the law has over sheltered limited liability. When the court lifts the veil the shareholders personal assets may also be sued as is the case in a sole proprietorship or partnership. A registered corporation has its own legal identity that is distinct from the owners (shareholders) or the controllers (directors) of the company. However there are certain circumstances where the law allows records to ignore the rule of the limited liability of the companies and in this way, lift the corporate veil. In such circumstances, the members are individually held responsible for the actions of the company although the limited liability rule provides that the company has a distinctive identity that is separate from its participants. At this point, it should be noted that piercing the corporate veil is considered as one of the most litigating issues under the company law of the UK (Bainbridge, 2001). However before arriving at the decision to use the corporate veil in a particular case, there are certain factors that have to be considered by the courts. It is also worth mentioning that generally the courts are unwilling to do so and in this way, they like to maintain the sepa rate identity of the companies. However there are certain circumstances where a court may arrive at the conclusion that the separate identity of the company should be ignored, for example where they are acting as a single economic unit or for the purpose of achieving justice. In the same way, the corporate veil can be lifted by the courts when the argument of a sham or facade has been made and the same is the case with the agency argument. In this way, after the legendary decision given in Salomon v Salomon (1897), the courts have recognized the number of factors due to which the corporate veil may be lifted by the courts. The Single Economic Unit Argument: In the leading case titled as Adams v Cape (1990) it has been argued that in case of a group of companies, the basic principle is that each company of the group has to be considered as having its own distinct identity. But there are certain circumstances when this basic principle can be ignored by the courts and therefore, the companies of the group can be considered as a single company. Therefore in this case, the court arrived at the conclusion that the group of companies can be considered as a single company where it has been allowed by a particular law or by the provisions of the contract between the parties otherwise the rule provided in Salomon's case will apply (Hawke, 2000). In the same way, another leading case in this regard is that of DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council (1976) where the court considered a group of corporations as a single economic entity and as a result, compensation can be paid for the compulsory purchase of land. In this way, these decisions can be considered as a "short step" that has been taken in the direction of the proposition that the principal provided in Salomon's case can be disregarded by the courts if doing so can be considered as just and equitable. However, these days, such situations are treated as very rare and at the same time, doubts have also been raised on several occasions regarding the decision of the court given in DHN Case, for example in Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council (1978). The Achieving Justice Argument: In the same way, the corporate been calculated by the courts when doing so is required in the interests of justice or where any impropriety has taken place. In this regard, it has been argued that the courts can pierce the veil if doing so is necessary for the purpose of achieving justice, regardless of the legal efficacy of the corporate structure that is being considered in a particular case. However in Adams v Cape Industries, the arguments made in favor of piercing the corporate veil in the interest of justice have been rejected by the court (Ball Jr., Matthew and Nelson, 1997). In the same way, in Trustor v Smallbone (2001), doubts have been expressed by the courts if the veil can be impaled by the courts on the basis of impropriety. Under these circumstances, it can be said that the veil can be lifted in the interests of justice if there is also evidence present to suggest that the Corporation is a sham or a facade. In the same way, in Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council (1978), the House of Lords had stressed upon the fact that the principle of the separate identity of a corporation that has been provided in Solomon's case cannot be disregarded whenever doing so is required by justice or equity. The Sham/faade Argument: As mentioned above, the Court has recognized in Adams v Cape Industries that it is well recognized that the court may decide to impale the veil and hold the directors all shareholders responsible if the corporate structure is only a facade designed to conceal the real facts (Easterbrook and Fischel, 1985). For example in this case, the court arrived at the conclusion that one of the companies of the group can be considered to be falling in this category. In the same way, the House of Lords has also discussed the argument of facade in Woolfson's case although the meaning of this term has not been explained by Lord Keith. However, regardless of the exact meaning of the term considered by the courts while applying this argument, it was clearly stated by the House of Lords that the Salomon principle cannot be disregarded if it is required by justice or equity. However, it is generally recognized as an exception to the general principle and therefore the corporate field can be pierced by the courts if the Corporation is a sham that has been designed with a view to commit a fraud or for the purpose of avoiding any present contractual obligation (Baxt, 1991). An example in this regard can be given of Gilford Motor Co v Horne where respondent was previously acting as a director of Gilford and had signed an agreement with the company that he will not solicit the customers of the company, in case he quits the business. Under the circumstances, the former director and his wife incorporated a company that was used for the purpose of breaching the terms of this agreement. As a result, the court arrived at the conclusion that the new company incorporated by the defendant and his wife was merely a sham or a cloak and therefore the defendant was liable for the breach of the agreement. However it needs to be noted in this context that the veil is not lifted if the new company has been established with a view to avoid future liabilities. In this regard, it has been argued by some commentators that in these cases, the piercing the veil is not involved at all (Griffin, 1996). However the argument of sham or facade is the strongest argument that may prompt the court to impale the corporate veil in a given case. In this regard it also needs to be mentioned that this argument is very close to the argument of fraud, although generally this argument can stand in the court on its own. This argument is available when a company can be considered as merely a facade or a sham. Such a situation takes place when the corporate form has been incorporated or used for the purpose of hiding the real purpose that the Comptroller of the corporation has. In Sharrment Pty Ltd v Official Trustee (1988), it has been stated by Lockhart J that "a 'sham' can be described as something that had been created with an intention to be erroneously believed to be something else or something that is in reality not but it imports to be. In this way, it is a disguise or a spurious imitation. In this context, it also needs to be mentioned that the argument of sham or facade can be made independently, without arguing fraud. The Agency Argument: In some cases, the court arrived at the conclusion that the corporate veil should be lifted where the company in question is only the 'alter ego' of its shareholders. In such a case, it is said that the corporation is the 'agent' or the 'alter ego' of the corporation's shareholders as in this case it does not perform its own business but it merely carries on business on behalf of the shareholders. In this context, an agent can be described as a person who acts on the basis of the directions given by another person, called the principal and in such a case, all the actions of the agent are considered to be binding for the principal. For example in case of corporations, in some cases a subsidiary can be treated by the law as the agent of the parent corporation (Farrar and Hannigan, 1998). For example in Salomon's case, it was stated by Williams J that the company can be considered as an agent of Salomon. But on appeal, the House of Lords arrived at the conclusion that a corporation cann ot be considered as an agent of its shareholders only on the ground that it was a one-man company. Therefore on the basis of this decision, it can be said that the presence of an agency situation is not indicated by the fact that all the shares of the company are owned by a single person. As a result, the facts and circumstances of each case has to be considered separately. Smith Stone and Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corporation (1939) is a leading case that is related with the agency exception. The question that had to be decided was if the subsidiary can be considered as carrying on the business of its parent company or in the eyes of law, the subsidiary was carrying on its own business. In this case, the two companies were treated by the law as a single entity. This case is considered as a significant case related with the agency argument because in this case, the significant factors that have to be considered while deciding the question if the agency relationship is present between holding company and its subsidiaries were mentioned in detail by the court in this case. However, it needs to be noted that these factors act only as guidelines and as a result, each case has to be decided by the courts on the basis of individual facts and circumstances that are present in each case. For example, it has to be considered who's going to receive the profit, who has the authority to appoint and another very crucial factor in this regard is to see who has constant and effective control over the business of the company. When affirmative answers have been given to these questions, it can be said that the group of companies has to be considered by the court as a single entity. In the end, it can be said that the decision to lift the corporate veil is still one of the most controversial matters under the corporate law. However in this work, an attempt has been made to discuss the principles related with the application of the rule of piercing the veil. For this purpose, the arguments that are generally made in favor of piercing the veil by the court have also been discussed. References Bainbridge, S.M. 2001, Abolishing Veil Piercing, 26 J. Corp Journal of Corporate Law Spring, 479 Ball, C. Jr., Matthew M. S. and Nelson C. S. 1997, The corporate veil. When is a subsidiary separate and different from its parent? Cornerstone Research Foundation Baxt R, (1991) Ultra Vires Has it Been Revived? 1 Company and Securities Law Journal 101 Farrar, J and Hannigan, B (1998) Farrar's Company Law (4th edn), p.75 Farrar, J. (1990) 'Fraud, Fairness and Piercing the Corporate Veil, 16 Canadian Business Law Journal 474 Ford, H. A. J., Austin R. P. and Ramsay, I. M. 1999, Ford's Principles of Corporations Law, 9th Ed Frank H. Easterbrook Daniel R. Fischel, (1985) Limited Liability and the Corporation, 52 U. CHI. L. REV, 89 Gower and Davies (2003) Principles of Modern Company Law (7Ed) London Sweet and Maxwell Griffin, S. (1996) Company Law Fundamental Principles (2nd edn), p.19 Hawke, N. 2000, Corporate Liability, London Sweet and Maxwell, p. 108. Ian R. M. and Noakes, D.B. 2005 Piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia, Melbourne University Press Robert B. 1991, Thompson, Piercing the Corporate Veil, an Empirical Study, 76 Cornell L. REV. 1036 Case Law Adams v Cape Industries [1990] Ch 433 DHN Food Distributors v Tower Hamlets LBC [1976] 3 A11 ER 464 Gas Lighting Improvement Co Ltd v Commissioners of Inland Revenue [1923] AC 723 R v Portus; Ex parte Federated Clerks Union of Australia (1949) 79 CLR Salomon v Salomon Co [1897] AC 22 Sharrment Pty Ltd v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy [1988] FCA 179 Smith, Stone Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corp [1939] 4 All ER 116 Trustor v Smallbone [2001] 1 WLR 1177 Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council (1978) ALT 159